Sheinbaum’s Four-Point Security Plan

The violence in Mexico continues, and in diverse locales:

1. In the eastern state of Chiapas, criminal groups connected to the Sinaloa Cartel battle those connected with the CJNG (Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación). See here.

2. In Sonora state, the internecine war between factions of the Sinaloa Cartel continue (see here, here and here) with over 150 dead.

3. The most violent state is currently Guanajuato, where 12 dead bodies were recently found.

4. Alejandro Arcos Catalan, mayor Chilpancingo (capital of Guerrero state) was murdered and beheaded shortly after taking office.

On October 8th, in her morning press conference, President Sheinbaum’s four point security plan was presented. It was first presented by Omar Garcia Harfuch, Sheinbaum’s Secretary of Security and Civilian Protection, then reiterated by President Sheinbaum herself.

Here is a photo from the news conference, with Secretary Garcia Harfuch speaking and President Sheinbaum in the background:

Source: Mexican Presidential Website

The four points, or axes as they are called in Spanish, are:

  1. Dealing with Root Causes
  2. The consolidation of the National Guard in the Department of Defense
  3. The strengthening of intelligence and investigation
  4. Coordination, in the words of Garcia Harfuch, “among the institutions of the Security Cabinet and also, when necessary, with the state authorities.”

These four axes were reiterated by President Sheinbaum.

Garcia Harfuch said the government had three objectives:
1. Decrease crime, especially murder and extortion.
2. “Neutralize generators of violence and criminal networks with attention to high crime areas.”
3. “Strengthen the ability of prevention and social proximity of local police and improve the dialogue with all sectors of society.”

To effectively fight the Mexican drug cartels is a great challenge.

When you remove one drug baron, another rushes to take his place. Then there’s the problem of corruption and collaboration with government officials. And money laundering.

The cartels have a massive quantity of money available, mostly supplied by their American drug customers.

And nowadays, the drug cartels are not just involved with drugs, but various illicit businesses. (See here).

So how about this Sheinbaum plan? An Associated Press article was not optimistic. It begins thusly: “Mexico’s new president laid out a plan Tuesday [October 8th] to combat drug cartel violence, but analysts say it appears to be largely a continuation of previous policy…Mike Vigil, a former head of the DEA’s foreign operations, said that the new plan appears to be ‘more of the same.’ “

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Ifigenia Martinez, 94-Year Old Speaker of the House, Dies Four Days after Sheinbaum Inauguration

On October 5th, just four days after the inauguration of Claudia Sheinbaum as president of Mexico, Ifigenia Martinez, the Speaker of the House, who presided over the inauguration ceremony, passed away at the age of 94.

Source: EneasMx

Ifigenia Martinez was a Mexican politician, diplomat and academic who was head of the school of Economics at UNAM, the National Autonomous University of Mexico, from 1966 to 1970. During the political unrest of 1968, she defended her school when the Mexican Army took control of parts of the UNAM.

Regarding political party affiliation, Ifigenia started out in the PRI, was one of the founders of the PRD, and wound up in MORENA. She served at various times in both chambers of the Mexican Congress.

In the election of June 2nd, Claudia Sheinbaum, apparently quite confident in her own impending triumph, voted for Ifigenia Martinez for President, as a tribute.

When the new Congress took over on September 1st, Ifigenia Martinez became the Presidenta de la Cámara de Diputados, equivalent of Speaker of the House in the U.S. Congress.

At Claudia Sheinbaum’s inauguration on October 1st, Ifigenia Martinez presided, from her position between outgoing president AMLO and incoming president Sheinbaum.
(Video here).

Ifigenia read the official act preceding Sheinbaum’s oath of office. Here is a photo of Ifigenia Martinez (in red) seated to the left of Claudia Sheinbaum as she takes the oath.

Source: Mexican Presidential Website

After the oath, Martinez announced Sheinbaum’s speech.

I noticed that Ifigenia pronounced Sheinbaum as I do, “Shainbaum”, not “Shaynbaum” as I hear in the Mexican media. Ifigenia introduced the new president’s speech and was also involved in the passing of the presidential sash from AMLO to Sheinbaum.

Source: Mexican Presidential Website

She appeared frail at the ceremony. She was on oxygen and had to be assisted sitting down. But she performed these duties and passed away four days later.

My condolences to the family of Ifigenia Martinez.

ABOUT THE NAME IFIGENIA

The name Ifigenia, Iphigenia in English, is a rare one.

It’s of Greek origin (Ἰφιγένεια), meaning “strong-born”.

It was the name of a tragic figure in Greek mythology, the princess of Mycenae who was sacrificed by her father Agamemnon.

There is also a Catholic saint by the same name, Ifighenia of Ethiopia, with the feast day of September 21st.

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President Sheinbaum: “All The Programs” to be Constitutional Rights

On October 5th, 2024, Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum delivered a speech in
Jantetelco
in the central state of Morelos (south of Mexico City).

In her speech, President Sheinbaum pledged that “all the programs”, meaning government programs, would become constitutional rights.

Sheinbaum speaks in Morelos. Source: Mexican Presidential Website

Here’s what the Presidenta said:…[V]ery soon in the Congress of the Union, all the programs are going to become constitutional rights: the pension for elder adults from the age of 65, the support for the handicapped, the scholarships for high school, the Sembrando Vida (Sowing Life) program, the support for agriculture, free fertilizer; all the Programas de Bienestar [umbrella program of various welfare programs] .

As we saw in the recent judicial reform [see here, here and here], the Mexican Constitution can be amended very rapidly, especially as the MORENA coalition has so much power in the current Executive, the Congress and the state legislatures.



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Clara Brugada Inaugurated as Chief of Government of Mexico City; President Sheinbaum Attends

Mexico City is not a state, but it’s the equivalent of a state. Its elected leader is not called a governor, but the Jefe (for a man) or Jefa (for a woman) de Gobierno, the “Chief of Government”.

On October 5th, 2024, Clara Brugada was inaugurated as Jefa de Gobierno of Mexico City, with a population of over 9 million.

President Clara Sheinbaum was in attendance at the inauguration. Chief Brugada is a member of Sheinbaum’s MORENA/Green/PT coalition.

President Sheinbaum and Chief Brugada. Source: President of Mexico Website
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Claudia Sheinbaum’s Inauguration

On October 1st, 2024, Claudia Sheinbaum was inaugurated as the President of Mexico.

In doing so, she followed the inauguration ceremony with certain traditions.

The ceremony is held in the Legislative Palace of San Lazaro, meeting place of the Cámara de Diputados, Mexican equivalent of the House of Representatives. In attendance were the Mexican Congress and dignitaries; and some foreign guests.

THE PRESIDENTIAL OATH

In the U.S. inauguration, the new president has his left hand on the Bible and his right hand upraised, with the oath administered by the Chief Justice.

In the Mexican ceremony, no Bible is used, and the oath is not administered by the Chief Justice.

Here is a photo of Claudia Sheinbaum performing the presidential oath. To her right is Chief Justice Norma Lucía Piña Hernández . The seated individual is 94-year old Ifigenia Martinez, Speaker of the House. At the back is outgoing president AMLO, still wearing the presidential sash.

Source: Mexican Presidential Website

When Americans see Mexicans performing an oath or salute with outstretched arm, they immediately associate it with the Nazis. However, various societies have used this type of salute, it was not invented by the Nazis. In fact, in the United States it was used by schoolchildren saluting the flag until 1942, when it was changed so as not to look like a Nazi salute. So no, it’s not a Nazi salute.

Here is the text of the Mexican presidential oath: “Protesto guardar y hacer guardar la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos y las leyes que de ella emanen, y desempeñar leal y patrióticamente el cargo de Presidenta de la República que el pueblo me ha conferido, mirando en todo por el bien y prosperidad de la Unión; y si así no lo hiciere que la Nación me lo demande.

Here’s an English translation, from Wikipedia: “I affirm to follow and uphold the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and the laws that emanate from it, and to perform loyally and patriotically the office of President of the Republic which the people have conferred upon me, in all actions looking after the good and prosperity of the Union; and if I were not to do so, may the Nation demand it of me.

THE PRESIDENTIAL SASH

On ceremonial occasions, the President of Mexico wears a ceremonial sash. Outgoing president AMLO (Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador) arrived to the Chamber wearing the presidential sash. After her oath, Claudia Sheinbaum received the presidential sash, indicating that she is now the president.

Source: Mexican Presidential Website

THE INAUGURATION SPEECH

President Sheinbaum then delivered a lengthy speech which thanked the attendees and summarized the accomplishments of the previous AMLO administration. She announced new social programs and the expansion of current government programs.

President Sheinbaum is a protege of AMLO of the same MORENA party and a proponent of AMLO’s Fourth Transformation doctrine.

The text of her speech is available here.

Here is a photo of President Claudia Sheinbaum, in her presidential sash, delivering her inaugural speech:

Source: Mexican Presidential Website

FOREIGN VISITORS

Sixteen heads of state attended, and 100 representatives of foreign countries. U.S. President Joe Biden did not attend, but the American delegation was headed by First Lady Dr. Jill Biden, who wore a Schiaparelli outfit.

Source: Women’s Wear Daily, from AFP

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Claudia Sheinbaum Now President of Mexico

On October 1st, 2024, Claudia Sheinbaum was inaugurated as the President of Mexico, or as they say in Spanish, La Presidenta de México. She is the first woman president of Mexico and the first Jewish president of Mexico.

Source: Mexican Presidential Website

¡ Felicidades, Presidenta Sheinbaum !

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AMLO Reaching the End of his Presidential Term

Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) is just about at the end of his presidential term. The inauguration of his successor, Claudia Sheinbaum, is scheduled for October 1st, 2024.

The term of a Mexican president is six years, with no re-election. However, AMLO’s term is two months shy of six years, due to a constitutional change made in 2014 which is taking effect now. This changes the inauguration (Transmisión del Poder Ejecutivo Federal) from the beginning of December to the beginning of October.

On September 29th, AMLO was in Quintana Roo state, in far eastern Mexico. The presidente was there for a ceremony marking the end of the construction of the new Maya Train in the Yucatan Peninsula. Part of the railroad began operation in December of 2023.

Here is a photo of AMLO waving to folks at the ceremony:

Source: Mexican Presidential Website

AMLO possesses highly-effective political skills and is an example of perseverance, having lost the presidential race twice (2006 and 2012), and then winning in 2018 with a new political party that he founded. That party is now the dominant party of Mexico. (see The Astonishing Growth and Power of Mexico’s MORENA Party).

Claudia Sheinbaum, AMLO’s protege and now successor, was elected in June. AMLO has been very active in the transition period, continuing to drive policy, including the unprecedented judicial reform which was recently passed.

What will AMLO’s role be after his term is over? Is he going to retire to his ranch in Chiapas and write books, as he said? Or is still going to be active politically behind the scenes? Mexico is about to find out.

Here is a photo of AMLO with U.S. President Joe Biden and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, taken in January of 2023:

Source: EneasMX

As for AMLO’s political legacy as president of Mexico, that is liable to be a hot topic of discussion in this time of transition and beyond.

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AMLO’s Popularity

Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) is nearing the end of his term.

The inauguration of his elected predecessor Claudia Sheinbaum is scheduled for October 1st.

By all accounts, AMLO remains quite popular.

Source: AS/COA

The overwhelming support granted to his MORENA party in the June 2nd presidential and congressional elections is evidence of this.

In addition, approval polls have indicated AMLO’s continuing popularity.

The website of the Americas Society/Council of the Americas (AS/COA) has published results of polls tracking AMLO’s popularity in Mexico.

  1. ORACULUS – This is a “poll of polls” which tracks AMLO’s approval from December 2018 (when he became president) until Aug 28th, 2024 (in his second to last month). In six years AMLO’s approval has never dipped below 60%. As of August 28th it was over 70%.
  2. LAST FIVE PRESIDENTS – This chart shows the approval ratings of AMLO and the previous four presidents: Zedillo (1994-2000), Fox (2000-2006), Calderon (2006-2012) and Pena Nieto (2012-2018). The chart allows the reader to compare the approval ratings of the five presidents at the same times during their presidencies, at intervals of 3 months. AMLO’s are usually the highest.
  3. BUENDIA & MARQUEZ
    This poll goes from February 2019 to August 2024, asking this question, In general terms, do you approve or disapprove of the job AMLO is doing as president of the republic?” AMLO’s lowest point was in the high 50s; in August of 2024 AMLO was at 73%.
    In other results of the August 2024 poll, 65% say they are satisfied with AMLO’s work as president; 71% say he governs for all Mexicans.
    From August of 2019 to August of 2024, this question was asked: “In general, do you think the country is on a very good, good, bad, or very bad path?” On that question, the lowest percentage of respondents saying “very good” or “good” was 47% and in August 2024 it was 53% saying “very good” or “good.
    Also in August of 2024, 67% said they were optimistic about Mexico’s future in contrast with 24% pessimistic and 4% neither optimistic or pessimistic. Respondents were also asked where they’d seen the biggest improvements during the AMLO presidency. The results showed that 49% said the economy, 35% the economic situation of the respondent or his own family, 27% said public health, 28% poverty and only 14% said violence related to narcotrafficking.
  4. EL FINANCIERO asked the question “In general, do you approve or disapprove of the job Andrés Manuel López Obrador is doing as president of Mexico?” from December of 2018 to August of 2024. As of August 26th, 2024, AMLO was in the mid-60s. In August of 2024 respondents were asked how they view the AMLO administration’s management of various issues. Those who said the administration was “good” or “very good” in social programs were 75%, with 49% in the economy, but 28% in public security and 26% in corruption. When asked “In your opinion, what is the principal problem in the country today?”, 58% said crime.
  5. REFORMA In this poll, respondents were asked “Do you approve or disapprove of the way AMLO is doing his job as president?”, from November 2018 (right before AMLO was president (!) to March of 2024 when AMLO had a 73% approval rating.

    SUMMARY : Here’s how AS/COA summarizes AMLO’s popularity: “From the time he took office in December 2018, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, or AMLO, has enjoyed enviable popularity, exceeding the levels achieved by the four prior presidents. Still, his government fares less well on ratings related to certain issues, such as violence and corruption.” 

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High-Speed Rail from Austin to Monterrey?

There’s talk of constructing a high-speed rail line from Austin, Texas through San Antonio, Texas to Monterrey, Mexico.

From Newsweek: The push for high-speed rail connecting Texas and Mexico took a step forward this week, as officials from both sides of the border met to discuss the project’s future. The goal is creating a rail line that connects Austin, San Antonio, and Monterrey, Mexico, which would offer an alternative to the heavily congested I-35 corridor.

This would be the proposed route:

Source: Google, INEGI

Back to Newsweek: The Texas Passenger Rail Advisory Committee, spearheaded by Bexar County Judge Peter Sakai and Travis County Judge Andy Brown met Mexican officials on Monday [September 23rd] aboard Amtrak’s Texas Eagle, an existing daily passenger service between Austin and San Antonio...Sakai said, “We need to come up with creative solutions for passengers who are looking for alternatives to using their vehicles to navigate the congested 80-mile stretch” between San Antonio and Austin.

The Mexican officials included a state official of Nuevo Leon, the state in which Monterrey is located; and the mayor-elect of Saltillo.

Officials in Monterrey and Nuevo Leon have already shown considerable interest in the project, with Nuevo Leon Governor Samuel Garcia last year urging Texas officials to consider using federal government funds for a high-speed rail line linking Monterrey with San Antonio.

The proposal faces obstacles.

One hurdle is Union Pacific’s control of the rail line between Austin and San Antonio. The freight company has historically been reluctant to share its tracks with passenger rail without a separate freight bypass.

Union Pacific was one of the railroads involved in the Transcontinental Railroad, joined by the Golden Spike in Utah in 1869. Here’s a photo:

Source: Andrew J. Russell

Moreover, funding for the project could prove difficult to secure. Texas lawmakers have shown resistance to allocating funds for high-speed rail, especially given past legislation that prevents state funds from being used for rail projects operated by private entities.

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Mexican Official Reports that over 13 Million Migrants Crossed From Mexico to U.S. During AMLO Presidency

President AMLO (Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador) is nearing the end of his presidency, so summaries and analyses of his term are coming out.

Here’s one from a Mexican official, who reports that during AMLO’s presidency, over 13 million migrants crossed from Mexico into the United States over the two countries’ common border.

Source: Geology.com

From Efe via Telemundo: “During the presidency of Mexican president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, more than 13 million migrants crossed the border between Mexico and the United States, with Ciudad Juarez and El Paso (Texas) being some of the most critical points in the migratory flow, reported the Director General of the Coordinación de Oficinas de Representación [Coordination of Offices of Representation] del [of the] Instituto Nacional de Migración (INM), Héctor Martínez Castuera.

The INM is the Mexican federal government’s immigration agency.

During the period between December of 2018 [when AMLO became president] and September of 2024 [second to last month of his presidency] the northern border of Mexico has established itself as the nerve center for migrants coming from various countries, principally of Central America, South America and the Caribbean, who seek to arrive to the United States with the purpose of finding better opportunities.”

If you break that down by U.S. presidents, Trump was president when AMLO became president until January 20th, 2021, when Biden became president, and is still president.
So that’s AMLO-Trump for 2 years and 7 weeks; and AMLO-Biden for 3 years and 8 months.

About Ciudad Juarez:
Ciudad Juarez, which adjoins El Paso, Texas, has been one of the principal migratory thoroughfares, where thousands of persons wait in shelters, improvised camps or outdoors, to cross the Rio Bravo [Rio Grande] and request asylum in U.S. territory.

“I think that no border is prepared for 5 million persons, neither that of Mexico, nor of the United States, nor that of Colombia. These are global conditions. I understand that there are things that are being done to facilitate their not having to arrive here (at the border) to request asylum, but the world is not ready for the migrant wave”, said Guillermo Asian, spokesman of the Fideicomiso para la Competitividad y Seguridad Ciudadana (Ficosec) [Trust for Competitiveness and Citizen Security].

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