In 2023, 36.71 million Americans traveled to Mexico. That was an increase over the previous year’s total of 33.54 million.
The highest total on the list was in the year 2019, when 39.94 million Americans traveled to Mexico. The next year, 2020, saw a drastic drop due to COVID, but even that year it was 21.73 million.
There was an increase every year from 2011 to 2019, then the COVID drop in 2020, and an increase in each of the 3 years after that, with the total of 36.71 million in 2023.
MORENA party symbol: “MORENA -The Hope of Mexico” Source: Wikimedia Commons
Claudia Sheinbaum won the Mexican presidential election on June 2nd, 2024. Her MORENA party also did quite well in the Mexican congressional election.
Amazingly, the MORENA party has only existed as a political party for 10 years, since 2014. It was founded by current President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO). It is now the biggest and most powerful political party in Mexico. Take a look at the last four election cycles and you can see how impressive the growth of the party is.
THE 2006 MEXICAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION Back in 2006, there were three main political parties in Mexico: the PRD (left), the PRI (center) and the PAN (right). From left to right, here are the three candidates: AMLO of the PRD coalition, Roberto Madrazo of the PRI coalition, Felipe Calderon of the PAN.
It was a close and disputed election. Calderon (right) won with 36.69% of the vote, squeaking by AMLO (left) with 36.09% of the vote. Madrazo (middle) had 22.75% of the vote. (In Mexico you only need a plurality, not a majority to win the presidency).
Look at map the below and you can see that northern Mexico (in blue) mostly went for Calderon and southern Mexico (in yellow) mostly went for AMLO
THE 2012 MEXICAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION In 2012, the three main parties were still the PRD, the PRI and the PAN. The main candidates were AMLO of the leftist PRD coalition ( left), Enrique Pena Nieto of the centrist PRI coalition (middle) and Josefina Vasquez Mota of the right-wing PAN (right):
This year was AMLO’s third time to run, but this time he was the standard-bearer of his new MORENA party, which he had founded. The three principal candidates were AMLO of the leftist MORENA coalition (left), Jose Antonio Meade of the PRI coalition (center) and Ricardo Anaya of the right/left PAN coalition (right):
AMLO won the 2018 election with 54.71% of the vote, followed by Anaya of the PAN coalition with 22.91% and Meade with 16.88%. Additionally, independent candidate Jaime “el Bronco” Rodriguez garnered 5.38% of the vote. As for the PRD, formerly AMLO’s party, it actually ran in coalition with the PAN. Note the map of the 2018 election. AMLO won in every state with the exception of Guanajuato (blue on the map):
THE 2024 MEXICAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION By 2024, the political panorama is very different. What were formerly the 3 principal parties (PAN, PRI and PRD) are now one coalition with one candidate, Xochitl Galvez. There’s a small party (Movimiento Ciudadano) running a candidate (Jorge Alvarez Maynez). And MORENA is running in coalition with two smaller parties, with the candidate Claudia Sheinbaum.
This time, MORENA won with an even bigger majority than in 2018. Claudia Sheinbaum, the MORENA coalition candidate, received 59.7594 % of the total. Xochitl Galvez of the PAN/PRI/PRD coalition received 27.4517 % of the total. Jorge Alvarez Maynez of MovimientoCiudadano won 10.3213% of the total.
And look at the map. Sheinbaum of MORENA won every state with the exception of Aguascalientes:
In the Mexican congressional election, MORENA won majorities in both houses of the Congress. In the Chamber of Deputies (House of Representatives equivalent) the MORENA coalition (MORENA, Labor Party, Green Party) won 372 seats out of 500. That’s higher than the 334 seats which would give them a two-thirds super-majority. In the Senate, the MORENA coalition (MORENA, Green Party,Labor Party) won 83 seats out of 128. That’s two seats short of the 85 required for a two-thirds super-majority, necessary for constitutional amendments.
CONCLUSION
In the past ten years, AMLO has accomplished a lot. Not only did he win the presidency, but he formed a political party which is now the biggest and most powerful party in Mexico, and his protege (Sheinbaum) is set to take office on October 1st.
The former major parties, the PAN, PRI and PRD have been greatly diminished.
The supporters and politicians of the MORENA party are glad, of course.
But is it good for one party to wield so much power?
On June 2nd, 2024, Claudia Sheinbaum won the Mexican presidential election.
She is scheduled to take office as president on October 2nd, as Mexico’s first woman president and first Jewish president.
A Mexican presidential term is 6 years. Thus her term should go from 2024 to 2030.
Who is Claudia Sheinbaum and what kind of president will she be?
GENERAL BIOGRAPHY
Claudia Sheinbaum was born in 1962 in Mexico City, the daughter of Carlos Sheinbaum and Annie Pardo. Her father was a chemical engineer and her mother a biologist.
Claudia Sheinbaum is an ethnic Jew, though she does not practice Judaism as a religion.
A scientist, Sheinbaum studied physics at Mexico’s UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) and earned her PhD in energy engineering at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California in the U.S.A.
Dr. Sheinbaum has written more than 100 articles and two books dealing with energy, environment and sustainable development.
In 2007, Dr. Sheinbaum was on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) at the United Nations in the field of energy and industry and was part of a group that won the Nobel Peace Prize.
From 2000 to 2006, Dr. Sheinbaum was Mexico City’s Secretary of the Environment. From 2015 to 2017 she was mayor of Tlalpan, a borough in Mexico City.
From 2018 to 2023, Claudia Sheinbaum was Mayor of Mexico City.
POLITICS
Claudia Sheinbaum is a member of the leftist MORENA party, now the most powerful party in Mexico.
She is a protege of current President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO).
Sheinbaum has pledged to continue AMLO’s Cuarta Transformación, the “Fourth Transformation”. This agenda refers to the fourth historical transformation of the country after three previous transformations: (1) The Independence Struggle (1810-1821; (2) The Reform War 1857-1861; and (3) the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920).
JEWISH ETHNICITY
Claudia Sheinbaum is an ethnic Jew.
Her father was an Ashkenazi Jew. Ashkenazis descend from the German Jews of the Middle Ages. Her mother is a Sephardi Jew. Sephardis descend from Spanish Jews of the Middle Ages.
Her father’s parents migrated to Mexico in the 1920s, from Lithuania. Her mother’s parents migrated to Mexico from Bulgaria, escaping the Holocaust, in the 1940s.
Claudia Sheinbaum participated in Jewish religious celebrations with her grandparents, but her parents were secular.
There are about 50,000 Jews in Mexico, mostly in Mexico City. While American Jews tend to vote for the Left, in Mexico the Jews tend to vote Center-Right. Therefore, it’s likely that most Mexican Jews did not vote for Sheinbaum.
While Claudia Sheinbaum is the first ethnic Jew to be President-elect, she is not the first Mexican president to have some Jewish ancestry.
Most Mexican presidents have substantial Spanish ancestry, and some Spaniards have some Jewish ancestry. This is due to Jews in Spain converting to Catholicism in the Middle Ages and the early Modern Period.
Carlos Salinas, president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994, had some Sephardic Jewish ancestry and on that basis acquired Spanish citizenship in 2021.
President Francisco I. Madero (1911-1913) had some Jewish ancestry, and President Plutarco Elias Calles (1924-1928) was said to have Jewish ancestry. There were probably others.
As far as Claudia Sheinbaum’s election in Mexico, a majority Catholic country, there is nothing surprising about that. The Mexican political world is very secular-oriented, much more so than that of the United States.
CLAUDIA SHEINBAUM’S FAMILY LIFE
Claudia’s father, Carlos Sheinbaum, passed away in 2013. Her mother, Annie Pardo, is still living.
Claudia’s brother Julio is a physicist and oceanographer. Her sister Adriana, a teacher, resides in the United States.
In 1987, Claudia married Carlos Imaz. They had a daughter, Mariana Imaz, born in 1988. Claudia also raised Rodrigo, son of Carlos from a previous marriage.
Mexico held an election on June 2nd. It was a massive election, with 20,000 official posts up for grabs, from the presidency and Congress down to local offices. There were 70,000 candidates competing for those 20,000 posts.
In some parts of Mexico, violence accompanied the election, mostly targeting those competing for local offices.
During the campaign season leading up to Election Day, there were 38 candidates assassinated. That surpasses the record of the 2021 midterm elections of 36 assassinated.
According to the InsightCrime website, in this election season, from September 2023 to June 2nd, 2024, “…[E]lection observers recorded 129 political violence events targeting officials…The scale of violence, which included 102 political assassinations, as well as kidnappings, forced disappearances, attempted murders, and attacks on family members, campaign staff, and official infrastructure like ballot boxes, made this election season particularly concerning, Tiziano Breda, ACLED’s Associate Analysis Coordinator for Latin America, told InSight Crime.”
According to Tiziano Breda, “The violence was due to two main reasons: the magnitude of the election, with it being the biggest in the country’s recent history, and it’s also the consequence of how Mexico’s criminal landscape has evolved into a growing number of fractured groups with diverse economic portfolios competing for influence, and therefore exacerbating violence.”
Half of the election violence occurred in just five Mexican states: Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas and Veracruz. See the five states on the map below:
Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas and Veracruz. Source: Passagemaker
Claudia Sheinbaum won. The results: CLAUDIA SHEINBAUM received 35,924,519 votes, which was 59.7594 % of the total. XOCHITL GALVEZ received 16,502,697 votes, which was 27.4517 % of the total. JORGE ALVAREZ MAYNEZ received 6,204,710 votes, which was 10.3213% of the total.
Claudia Sheinbaum’s political party is MORENA, the same party as current president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO).
On June 7th, Milenio published an interesting article by Saul Hernandez. The article was entitled Sheinbaum eleva su votación en estados con más programas sociales, which translates to “Sheinbaum elevates her vote in states with more social programs”. Here is the link to the article: Sheinbaum eleva su votación en estados con más programas sociales – Grupo Milenio
Here’s what Hernandez reports (my translation):
“A cross-reference of data carried out by Milenio reveals that the former chief of government of Mexico City [Claudia Sheinbaum] won the presidential election with 63.5% of the votes in the 16 states with the greatest coverage of social programs. In contrast, she received 56.2% of the votes in the 16 entities with fewer programs.”
To be clear, with the exception of Aguascalientes, Sheinbaum won in every state and in Mexico City. But she had a wider margin of victory in states with more government welfare.
“In Oaxaca and Chiapas, where more than half the population has a subsidy from the federal government, [Claudia Sheinbaum] won with more than 70% of the vote (compared to 59.8% nationally).”
“She also won wide margins in San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Nayarit, Yucatan, Campeche, Puebla and Guerrero, where the signature programs of Obradorism surpass the national coverage of 29% and arrived to least 1 of every 3 persons.”
“In contrast, her victory was more modest in places where scholarship and pensions are not so broad. This is the case of Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, Guanajuato and Jalisco, where fewer than a fifth of the population receives federal assistance.”
“In Aguascalientes, the only entity in which the opposition candidate Xochitl Galvez beat Sheinbaum, social programs only benefit 15% of the inhabitants.”
Then Hernandez looks back six years to the previous election:
“…[I]n the same 16 states where Claudia Sheinbaum won with a wide margin, Lopez Obrador also obtained a wider victory six years ago (56.6%) than he obtained in the other half of the country (49.7%). This was before there were so many social programs.”
“Sheinbaum swept the election where Andres Manuel also did before. The difference is that with [Sheinbaum] the margin of victory was even wider, now with the asstance programs of Obradorism at their height.”
This also fits in with a national exit poll conducted by El Financiero (my translation): “Another weighty factor in the [vote for MORENA] was that of social programs: 56% of the voters reported themselves, their family or both, having received social benefits from the government. Among that segment of beneficiaries, Sheinbaum received 69% of the vote, in contrast to 23% for Xochitl Galvez. Nevertheless, Sheinbaum also had the advantage among non-beneficiaries, obtaining 49% of the votes of that sector, in contrast to 37% who chose to vote for the opposition candidate [Galvez].”
It definitely appears that AMLO’s social assistance programs had an effect on the election, driving up the vote for the MORENA candidate Claudia Sheinbaum.
But then, since the ancient Romans, politicians have used public assistance to gain public support.
In Mexico’s general election of June 2nd, Claudia Sheinbaum, of current president AMLO’s MORENA party, won handily.
In the same election, the entire Mexican Congress was up for grabs.
MORENA and its coalition also won a majority in both chambers of Congress.
THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES
The lower house is the Cámara de Diputados, the Chamber of Deputies, equivalent to the U.S. House of Representatives. It has 500 representatives, and meets here in the Palacio Legislativo de San Lázaro:
In the Chamber of Deputies, MORENA’s coalition (including MORENA, the Labor Party and the Green Party) won 372 seats out of 500. That’s higher than the 334 seats which would give them a two-thirds super-majority.
THE SENATE
The upper house is the Senado, the Senate, equivalent to the U.S. Senate. It has 128 senators, and meets here:
In the Senate, the MORENA coalition (MORENA, Green Party and Labor Party) won 83 seats out of 128. That’s two seats short of the 85 required for a two-thirds super-majority.
RAMIFICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS
It takes a two-thirds super-majority in both houses to amend the Mexican Constitution. In the new Congress, set to take office September 1st, the MORENA coalition has the super-majority in the lower chamber and only lacks two votes to have it in the upper chamber. This gives MORENA, which also has the presidency, great power.
Current president AMLO is not a lame duck and still has things he wants to accomplish. AMLO wants to pass a number of reforms in the month of September, his last month as president and the first month of the new Congress.
With its legislative and executive power, the MORENA party could extend its power even more by taking away power from more independent elements of the government, including the Supreme Court and the INE (the election agency). This is concerning to many.
Apparently, it’s a concern to the markets, as well. Since the election, both Mexico’s stock exchange and the peso have dropped.
The MORENA party, founded by AMLO himself, has only been a registered political party for ten years, since 2014. Now it’s the biggest and most powerful party in Mexico.
The Mexican election of 2024, held on June 2nd, 2024, was won by Claudia Sheinbaum of the MORENA party. She is scheduled to assume the presidency on the 1st of October, as Mexico’s first woman president and Mexico’s first Jewish president.
CLAUDIA SHEINBAUM (on left in photo). Candidate of the MORENA/PT/GREEN coalition.
XOCHITL GALVEZ (in middle in photo). Candidate of the PAN/PRI/PRD coalition.
JORGE ALVAREZ MAYNEZ (on right in photo). Candidate of the Movimiento Ciudadano party.
Here are the results, according to INE (Instituto National Electoral), the Mexican national electoral agency:
CLAUDIA SHEINBAUM received 35,924,519 votes, which was 59.7594 % of the total.
XOCHITL GALVEZ received 16,502,697 votes, which was 27.4517 % of the total.
JORGE ALVAREZ MAYNEZ received 6,204,710 votes, which was 10.3213% of the total.
So Claudia Sheinbaum won the election very handily. She won in every state except the central state of Aguascalientes, where Xochitl Galvez won narrowly.
When she went to vote on June 2nd, Claudia Sheinbaum was so confident of victory that she didn’t even vote for herself!
After voting, she announced that she had voted for Ifigenia Martinez.
Ifigenia Martinez is a Mexican politician, diplomat and academic who was was head of the school of Economics at UNAM, the National Autonomous University of Mexico, from 1966 to 1970. During the political unrest of 1968, she defended her school when the Mexican Army took control of parts of the UNAM. Sheinbaum respects her for this and thus voted for her as an homage to her.
It appears then that Claudia was confident enough of victory to do this.
MEXICO CITY
Mexico City is not a state, but it’s the equivalent of a state. Its elected leader is not called a governor, but the Jefe (for a man) or Jefa (for a woman) de Gobierno, the “Chief of Government”.
In this election, the post was won by Clara Brugada, of the MORENA/Green/PT coalition. She is scheduled to take office on October 5th.
There were 8 state governorships up for grabs, and the MORENA/PT/Green party won 6 of them: Chiapas, Morelos, Puebla, Tabasco, Veracruz and Yucatan state. Movimiento Ciudadano won in the state of Jalisco and the PAN/PRI/PRD coalition won in Guanajuato.
THE MEXICAN CONGRESS
The MORENA/PT/Green alliance also did quite well in congressional elections, winning a majority in both houses of Congress. The new Congress begins its term on September 1st, which is one month before Claudia Sheinbaum takes office on October 1st. That means that for one month, September of 2024, the new Congress would be working with current President AMLO, in his final month in office.
Mexico has a presidential election every six years. The U.S.A. has a presidential election every four years.
Therefore, every 12 years, Mexico and the U.S. have elections the same year. This year, 2024, is one of those years.
Election Day in the U.S.A. is scheduled for November 5th. The two major candidates are Joe Biden and Donald Trump, in a rematch from four years ago.
Joe Biden (left), Donald Trump (right). Source: NOLA.com
Election Day in Mexico is scheduled for June 2nd. The two major candidates are Claudia Sheinbaum and Xochitl Galvez. (Click here for background information on the candidates).
Claudia Sheinbaum (left), Xochitl Galvez (right). Source: Fernando Llano
Since both Mexico and the U.S. have a presidential election this year, it is interesting to compare and contrast elections in the two countries.
In both countries, candidates appeal to the voters. They campaign publicly across the country with personal appearances, campaign signs, and radio and TV ads. They make promises, they dispute with their opponents, and take part in debates. There are opinion polls, and pundits in the media discuss the election.
On Election Day, voters go to the polls and choose the president by secret ballot. In both countries, elections for Congress are simultaneously held, plus gubernatorial and legislative elections in various states.
DIFFERENCES
Elections in the U.S. are held on Tuesdays, elections in Mexico on Sundays.
In the U.S., a president can be elected to two presidential terms, for a total of eight years. In Mexico, the president is barred from reelection, so he serves for six years and then can’t run again.
The United States has an Electoral College system, which apportions votes to states, depending upon their respective populations. That’s why election reports, maps and state-by-state reports are so critical.
In Mexico the winner is chosen nationally, by plurality. Whichever candidate has a plurality of the votes — not necessarily a majority — is the winner.
Due to the existence of the Electoral College in the US, elections are handled at the state level. It’s as if there are 51 simultaneous elections taking place in the 50 states and District of Columbia. There is a Federal Election Commission, but it oversees campaign finance.
In Mexico, the election is truly a unitary national election, overseen by INE, the Instituto Nacional Electoral. There is also a special electoral court system, the TEPJF (Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación).
In the United States, the presidential election is held in early November (the 5th this year) and the winner takes office the following January 20th. Although that’s only two and a half months later, Inauguration Day falls in a different calendar year than the election. That’s confusing to some people.
This year in Mexico, the election is scheduled for June 2nd and the winner is set to take office on October 1st, both dates in 2024.
CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS
Although the presidential race gets more attention, congressional elections are important in both countries. There are similarities and differences.
Each country has a bicameral Congress. In the US, the two chambers are known as the Senate and the House of Representatives. In Mexico, they are the Senado and the Cámara de Diputados.
The US Congress has 100 senators (two for each state) and 435 representatives. The Mexican Congress has 128 senadores and 500 diputados.
In the US, every single representative must be elected or reelected every two years, while senators have six-year terms. That means every two years, a third of the senators are up for election.
In Mexico, diputados are elected for three-year terms and senadores for six-year terms. The term of a senador is concurrent with that of the president. So all senadores are up for a vote this year. And so are all the diputados this year, for three-year terms.
Congressional mid-term elections in the US occur at two-year intervals. There was a mid-term election in 2022, and another one is scheduled for 2026.
In Mexico, the mid-terms are every three years. There was a mid-term election in 2021, and another is scheduled for 2027.
In the US Congress, every senator represents a state and every representative represents a district.
In Mexico, it’s a little more complicated.
In the Cámara de Diputados, 300 of the 500 diputados are elected by their districts, while 200 are chosen through proportional representation. In proportional representation, seats are allocated based on the percentage of votes received by a political party nationwide.
In the Mexican Senado, there are three senadores from each of Mexico’s 31 states, and three from Mexico City.
Political parties run candidates for the Senado in pairs. The pair which receives the most votes is elected to the Senado to represent that particular state. The state’s other senador is from the political party that came in second in that state’s senatorial election.
All these senadores account for 96 of the total. The other 32 are chosen by proportional representation, based on the nationwide vote.
VOTER REGISTRATION AND VOTER ID
Mexico’s voter registration and voter ID system is much tighter than that of the US.
In the U.S., much depends on the state. The federal government does not require states to require documentation to prove citizenship for those registering to vote.
On an election day, 14 states and the District of Columbia don’t require identification of any kind from the voters. Only 13 U.S. states require photo voter ID.
In Mexico, voters must provide proof of citizenship in order to register to vote.
Each Mexican voter is provided with a government-supplied voter ID card, which includes the voter’s photograph, fingerprints, and a holographic image. The voter must produce this card when showing up to vote.
The polling station workers have a book with the photograph of every single voter in the precinct. They can check that book against the photo on the ID card. After voting, the voter’s thumb is smudged with ink, to prevent repeat voting. (The ink wears off after a few days).
I have observed Mexican voting firsthand, although of course, as a U.S. citizen I did not vote in Mexico.
I find the Mexican voter registration system impressive and superior to ours. We can learn from Mexico, and it would be beneficial for U.S. states to adopt elements of the Mexican voter registration system.
CONCLUSION
The U.S. and Mexico both have elections this year. A comparative study of the two nations’ voting systems is interesting and instructive. By learning how the other country votes, we can better understand what is going on there.
On May 19th, 2024, the three Mexican presidential candidates participated in their third and final presidential debate. (The election is scheduled for June 2nd).
For my reports on the first and second debates, click here and here.
The three candidates in the debates were Claudia Sheinbaum of the incumbent president’s MORENA party, Xochitl Galvez of the PAN/PRI/PRD coalition, and Jorge Alvarez Maynez of the Movimiento Ciudadano.
Candidates left to right: Jorge Alvarez Maynez, Xochitl Galvez, Claudia Sheinbaum. Source: INE
One of the topics of the third debate was immigration. This is not surprising, as Mexico deals with immigration in three ways: 1) Mexico is a source of immigrants, mostly to the United States. 2) Mexico is a thoroughfare of migrants passing through its territory, mostly to get to the United States. 3) Mexico is a destination of some immigrants, who wind up living in Mexico.
Mexico’s political elite pays close attention to immigration politics in the United States and actually intervenes in U.S. politics to further the interests of the Mexican government on U.S. soil.
Here are some relevant quotes from Mexican candidates in the third debate.
MEXICO’S SOUTHERN BORDER When asked about the flow of migrants from Latin America into Mexico, Candidate Xochitl Galvez said that “The first thing is, we must be clear that today the southern border is in the hands of the criminals. Today the criminals control migration and that is very serious.”
REMITTANCES – Mexicans in the U.S. send billions in remittances back to Mexico, which amounted to 63.3 billion dollars last year. Claudia Sheinbaum said “First, I want to greet the male Mexicans and female Mexicans abroad, particularly the fellow Mexicans in the United States….to thank them for the remittances that they send to our country.”
TRUMP – Alvarez Maynez said that “Mexico needs firmness and intelligence in its relationship with the United States, especially if a racist such as Trump comes to power.“
TRUMP POLICIES AND ILLEGAL ALIEN AMNESTY As U.S. president, Donald Trump used his foreign policy authority to get Mexico to reduce the quantity of migrants passing through Mexican territory on the way to the U.S. and take back migrants in the Remain in Mexico program. Opposition Candidate Xochitl Galvez thinks the current government did too much for Trump with nothing in return : “The migratory policy of MORENA (party of the current government) is hypocritical. The Fourth Transformation (current government) folded before Donald Trump, accepting the return of migrants from other countries, without demanding, at least, that there would be a regularization (amnesty) of our fellow Mexicans who live in the United States.”
Xochitl Galvez is saying that Mexico shouldn’t have cooperated with Trump without demanding amnesty for illegal alien Mexicans in the United States. And she had more to say about that subject: “We are going to demand a program of regularization for the migrants in the United States [amnesty for illegal aliens]“
FOREIGN WORKERS IN THE UNITED STATES Xochitl Galvez : “…[W]e are going to broaden the program of workers in the United States…” [You would think that would be the business of the U.S. Congress.]
MEXICAN CONSULATES Mexico has 52 consulates on U.S. soil, the biggest consular network in the world. Xochitl Galvez pledged “to grant resources to the consulates” by which she means “more money”.
MEXICANS IN THE UNITED STATES: This is an important issue that many Americans don’t understand. Consider the words of all three candidates:
CLAUDIA SHEINBAUM: “First, I want to greet the male Mexicans and female Mexicans who are abroad, particularly the fellow Mexicans who are in the United States, more than 30 million Mexicans....”
JORGE ALVAREZ MAYNEZ: “Mexico is much more than its territory, not only are we the 130 million persons who live here, we are also the 40 million male Mexicans and female Mexicans who live in all the world.”
XOCHITL GALVEZ : “Mexico is a country of 170 million inhabitants divided by a river.”
So all 3 candidates, despite their differences, regard Mexicans and Mexican-Americans, even those born in the United States, as essentially Mexican, even if they have U.S. citizenship. This is also Mexican government policy.
It’s understandable that the Mexican government promotes such a policy. However, should the U.S. government encourage it?
Shouldn’t U.S. immigration and citizenship policies take this Mexican policy into account?
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